1. Fundamental & Derived Units
2. System of Units
3. Accuracy, Precision & Errors in Measurement
4. Significant Figures
5. Dimensions of Physical Quantities
6. Dimensional Formulae & Dimensional Equations
7. Dimensional Analysis & its Applications

1. Frame of Reference, Motion in a Straight Line, Speed & Velocity
2. Uniform & Non-Uniform Motion, Average Speed & Instantaneous Velocity
3. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
4. Elementary Concepts of Differentiation & Integration for Describing Motion
5. Velocity-Time and Position-Time Graph for Uniformly Accelerated Motion
6. Scalar & Vector Quantities: Position & Displacement Vectors, General Vectors & Notation
7. Equality of Vectors: Addition & Subtraction of Vectors, Multiplication or Division of a Vector by a Real Number, Product of Vectors
8. Relative Velocity & Resolution of Vectors
9. Motion in a Plane, Projectile Motion and Uniform Circular Motion

1. Concept of Forces
2. Newton's First Law of Motion; Inertia
3. Newton's Second Law of Motion; Impulse, Momentum
4. Newton's Third Law of Motion
5. Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum & its Applications
6. Free Body Diagram & Connected Motion
7. Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces
8. Types of Friction & Lubrication
9. Concept & Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
10. Forces in Circular Motion & its Applications

1. Work done by Constant & Variable Forces
2. Energy- Kinetic & Potential Energy
3. Work-Energy Theorem
4. Conservative & Non-Conservative Forces
5. Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
6. Motion in a Vertical Circle
7. Power
8. Elastic & Inelastic Collisions

1. Center of Mass & Mass Motion, Momentum Conservation
2. Rigid Body & Center of Mass of some Rigid Bodies
3. Moment of Inertia & Radius of Gyration
4. Theorems on Moment of Inertia
5. Moment of Inertia for Simple Geometrical Objects
6. Concept & Equation of Rotational Motion
7. Moment of Force or Torque, Angular Momentum, Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum
8. Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies & Rigid Body Rotation
9. Rolling on an Inclined Plane

1. The Universal Law of Gravitation
2. Acceleration due to Gravity
3. Gravitational Potential & Gravitational Potential Energy
4. Escape Velocity & Orbital Velocity
5. Geostationary Satellites
6. Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

1. Elastic Behaviour; Stress-Strain Relationship
2. Hooke's Law: Young's Modulus, Bulk Modulus & Modulus of Rigidity
3. Poisson's Ratio, Elastic Energy, Thermal Stress & Viscosity
4. Stokes' Law & Terminal Velocity
5. Streamline & Turbulent Flow, Critical Velocity & Reynold's Number
6. Bernoulli's Theorem & its Applications
7. Surface Energy & Surface Tension; Angle of Contact, Excess Pressure & Capillary Rise
8. Heat, Temperature: Thermal & Anomalous Expansion
9. Specific Heat Capacity: Cp, Cv- Calorimetry; Change of State - Latent Heat
10. Heat Transfer: Conduction & Thermal Conductivity, Convection & Radiation
11. Black Body Radiation
12. Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation & Stefan's Law
13. Wein's Displacement Law & Green House Effect
14. Newton's Law of Cooling

1. Thermal Equilibrium; Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
2. Heat, Work & Internal Energy
3. First Law of Thermodynamics: Isothermal & Adiabatic Processes
4. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible & Irreversible Processes
5. Heat Engines & Refrigerators

1. Ideal Gas & Gas Laws
2. Equation of State of a Perfect Gas
3. Kinetic Theory of Gases: Assumptions, Concept of Pressure
4. Various Speeds of Gas Molecules
5. Degrees of Freedom; Law of Equipartition of Energy
6. Specific Heat Capacities
7. Concept of Mean Free Path

1. Periodic Motion-Period, Frequency, Displacement & Periodic Function
2. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) & its Equation
3. Oscillations of a Spring-Restoring Force Constant
4. Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) - Kinetic & Potential Energies
5. Simple Pendulum & its Time Period
6. Forced & Damped Oscillations and Resonance
7. Wave Motion: Longitudinal & Transverse Waves and Speed of Wave Motion
8. Sound Waves
9. Displacement Relation for a Progressive Wave
10. Principle of Superposition of Waves, Intensity & Power, Reflection of Waves; Standing Waves in Strings & Organ Pipes; Beats
11. Doppler Effect

1. Electric Charges & their Conservation
2. Coulomb's Law; Forces between Multiple Charges
3. Superposition Principle
4. Electric Field & Electric Field Lines; Continuous Charge Distribution
5. Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
6. Electric Dipole - Torque, Work Done & Potential Energy
7. Electric Flux; Gauss's Theorem & its Applications
8. Electric Potential, Electric Potential Energy & Equipotential Surface
9. Conductors & Insulators
10. Dielectrics & Electric Polarisation, Capacitors & Capacitance
11. Energy Stored in a Capacitor
12. Van de Graaff Generator

1. Electric Current, Drift Velocity & Mobility
2. Ohm's Law, Electrical Resistance & Temperature, Dependence of Resistance
3. Electrical Energy & Power
4. Electrical Resistivity & Conductivity
5. Series & Parallel Combinations of Resistors
6. Internal Resistance of a Cell, Potential Difference & E.M.F of a Cell
7. Kirchhoff's Laws & their Applications
8. Wheatstone Bridge, Metre Bridge & Potentiometer – Principle & Applications
9. Galvanometer, Ammeter & Voltmeter

1. Concept of Magnetic Field, Oersted's Experiment
2. Bio-Savart Law
3. Ampere's Law & its Applications
4. Force on a Moving Charge in Uniform Magnetic & Electric Fields; Cyclotron
5. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Uniform Magnetic Field
6. Torque Experienced by a Current Loop in a Magnetic Field; Moving Coil Galvanometer – its Current & Voltage Sensitivity and Conversion to Ammeter & Voltmeter
7. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole & its Magnetic Dipole Moment
8. Magnetic Dipole Moment of a Revolving Electron
9. Torque on a Magnetic Dipole (Bar Magnet) in a Uniform Magnetic Field
10. Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid & Magnetic Field Lines
11. Earth's Magnetic Field & Magnetic Elements
12. Magnetisation of Materials
13. Para-, Dia- & Ferro- Magnetic Substances
14. Hysteresis Curve
15. Electromagnet

1. Magnetic Flux
2. Faraday's Law, Induced e.m.f & Current
3. Lenz's Law & Eddy Currents
4. Motional & Rotational e.m.f
5. Self & Mutual Induction; Combination of Inductors
6. Alternating Currents, Peak & RMS Value of Alternating Current & Voltage; Reactance & Impedance
7. Different Types of AC Circuits, Series AC Circuits, Series L-C-R Circuit
8. Quality Factor
9. LC Oscillations, Power in AC Circuits, Wattless Current
10. Choke Coil
11. AC Generator & Transformer

1. Electromagnetic Waves & their Characteristics
2. Maxwell's Displacement Current
3. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
4. Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
5. Electromagnetic Spectrum

1. Reflection of Light, Spherical Mirror & Mirror Formula
2. Refraction of Light, Total Internal Reflection; Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
3. Lens, Thin Lens Formula & Lens-Maker's Formula
4. Magnification & Power of Lens
5. Combination of Thin Lenses
6. Refraction & Dispersion of Light through a Prism
7. Human Eye
8. Scattering of Light
9. Optical Instruments; Microscopes & Astronomical Telescopes
10. Resolving Power of an Optical Instrument
11. Wave Optics: Wavefront
12. Huygen's Principle
13. Interference, Young's Double Slit Experiment
14. Diffraction due to a Single Slit and Width of Central Maximum
15. Polarisation, Plane Polarised Light & Polaroids; Brewster's Law

1. Photon & Particle Nature of Light
2. Photoelectric Effect; Hertz & Lenard's Observations
3. Einstein's Photoelectric Equation
4. Laws of Photoelectric Emission Effect
5. Matter Waves – de Broglie Relation
6. Davisson-Germer Experiment
7. X-Rays
8. Moseley's Law

1. Alpha Particle Scattering & Rutherford's Model of Atom
2. Bohr Model
3. Hydrogen Spectrum
4. Ionisation Energy & Potential; Excitation Energy & Potential
5. Composition & Size of Nucleus, Atomic Masses, Isotopes & Isobars; Isotones
6. Radioactivity
7. Mass-Energy Relation, Mass Defect & Binding Energy
8. Nuclear Fission & Fusion

1. Energy Bands in Solids, Conductors, Insulators & Semiconductors
2. Semiconductor Diode - I-V Characteristics in Forward & Reverse Bias
3. Diode as a Rectifier; I-V Characteristics of LED
4. Photodiode, Solar Cell & Zener Diode; Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator
5. Transistor Action, Characteristics of a Transistor; Transistor as an Amplifier, Oscillator & Switch
6. Logic Gates

1. Importance & Scope of Chemistry
2. Nature of Matter
3. Physical Quantities & their Measurement
4. Uncertainty in Measurement
5. Laws of Chemical Combination
6. Dalton's Atomic Theory
7. Atomic & Molecular Mass
8. Equivalent Weight
9. Mole Concept & Molar masses
10. Percentage Composition, Empirical & Molecular Formula
11. Stoichiometry & Stoichiometry Calculations

1. Discovery of Sub-Atomic Particle
2. Atomic Number & Mass Number
3. Isotopes & Isobars
4. Atomic Models
5. Development's leading to Bohr's Model of Atom
6. Bohr's Model for Hydrogen Atom
7. Dual Nature of Matter: de-Broglie Relationship
8. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
9. Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
10. Shape of s, p and d Orbitals
11. Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle & Hund’s Rule
12. Electronic Configuration of Atoms
13. Quantum Numbers

1. Genesis of Periodic Classification
2. Modern Periodic Law & Long Form of the Periodic Table
3. Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number > 100
4. Electronic Configuration of Elements
5. Classification of Elements
6. Periodic Trends in Physical Properties of Elements
7. Periodic Trends in Chemical Properties of Elements
8. Periodic Trends & Chemical Reactivity

1. Kossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding (Octet Rule)
2. Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond & Bond Parameterse
3. Resonance
4. VSEPR Theory
5. VBT Theory
6. Hybridisation
7. Molecular Orbital Theory
8. Metallic Bonding
9. Hydrogen Bonding

1. Three states of Matter & Types of Bonding
2. Intermolecular Forces
3. Melting & Boiling Points
4. Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Gay Lussac's Law & Avagadro Law
5. Empirical Derivation of Gas Equation
6. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures; Graham's Law of Diffusion
7. Kinetic Energy & Molecular Speeds
8. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
9. Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
10. Liquefaction of Gases & Critical Temperature
11. Liquid State: Vapour Pressure, Surface Tension & Viscosity

1. Thermodynamic Terms
2. First Law of Thermodynamics - Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Heat Capacity & Specific Heat
3. Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation
4. Introduction of Entropy as State Function
5. Second Law of Thermodynamics
6. Gibb's Energy Change for Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Process
7. Equilibrium & Spontaneity
8. Third Law of Thermodynamics

1. Equilibrium in Physical & Chemical Processes
2. Law of Chemical Equilibrium
3. Le Chatelier's Principle & Ionic Equilibrium
4. Degree of Ionisation or Dissociation
5. Acids & Bases
6. Concept of pH & Hydrolysis of Salt
7. Solubility Product
8. Buffer Solutions; Henderson's Equation
9. Common Ion Effect

1. Concept of Oxidation & Reduction
2. Oxidation Number
3. Redox Reactions
4. Balancing of Redox Reactions – Half Reaction Method, Oxidation Number Method

1. Occurrence, Isotopes, Preparation, Properties & Uses of Hydrogen
2. Hydrides: Ionic, Covalent & Interstitial Hydrides
3. Physical & Chemical Properties of Water & Heavy Water
4. Hydrogen Peroxide: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, Uses & Structure

Group 1 & Group 2 Elements

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence & Anomalous Properties
2. Trends in Physical Properties
3. Trends in Chemical Reactivity with Oxygen, Water, Hydrogen & Halogens
4. Preparation & Properties: Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide & Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
5. Biological Importance of Sodium & Potassium
6. Industrial Use of Lime & Limestone
7. Biological Importance of Mg & Ca

Variations in Properties of p-Block Elements

Group 13: Boron Family

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Variation of Properties & Oxidation States
2. Anomalous Properties of the First Element of the Group
3. Boron; Borax, Boric Acids & Boron Hydrides
4. Aluminium: Uses, Reactions with Acids & Alkalies

Group 14: Carbon Family

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Variation of Properties & Oxidation States
2. Anomalous Properties of the First Element of the Group
3. Carbon: Allotropic Forms, Physical & Chemical Properties
4. Compounds of Silicon: Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates & Zeolites

1. General Introduction & Features of Organic Compounds
2. Classification of Organic Compounds; Functional Group, Homologous Series
3. IUPAC System
4. Isomerism
5. Fission of Covalent Bond, Substrate & Reagent, Reaction Intermediates
6. Electronic Displacements in a Covalent Bond: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance Effect, Mesomeric Effect & Hyper Conjugation
7. Types of Organic Reactions
8. Methods of Purification, Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis

1. Alkanes - Nomenclature, Isomerism, Structure, Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions including Free Radical Mechanism of Halogenation, Combustion, Pyrolysis & Conformations (Ethane only)
2. Alkenes - Nomenclature, Isomerism, Structure, Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Hydrogen Halides (Markovnikov's Addition & Peroxide Effect), Ozonolysis, Oxidation, Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition
3. Alkynes - Nomenclature, Structure, Methods of Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions: Acidic Character of Alkynes, Addition Reaction of Hydrogen, Halides, Halogen, Hydrogen Halides & Water
4. Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Introduction, IUPAC Nomenclature, Resonance, Aromaticity, Benzene; Chemical Properties, Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution - Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel Craft's Alkylation & Acylation; Directive Influence of Functional Group in Mono-Substituted Benzene; Carcinogenity & Toxicity.

1. Environmental Pollutione
2. Atmospheric Pollution – Gaseous Air Pollutants
3. Air, Water & Soil Pollution
4. Green Chemistry as an Alternative Tool for Reducing Pollution
5. Strategies to Control Environmental Pollution

1. Classification of Solids
2. Bragg's Equation
3. Unit Cell in Two Dimensional & Three Dimensional Lattices
4. Packing in Solids & Packing Efficiency
5. Calculation of Density of Unit Cell
6. Coordination Number
7. Imperfections in Solids
8. Band Theory of Metals, Conductors, Semiconductors & Insulators

1. Types of Solutions & Concentration of Solutions
2. Solubility of Gases in Liquids
3. Solid Solutions
4. Raoult's Law, Ideal & Non-Ideal Solutions
5. Colligative Properties: Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing Point, Osmotic Pressure
6. Abnormal Molecular Mass

1. Conductors
2. Conductance in Electrolytic Solutions
3. Variation of Conductivity with Concentration
4. Kohlrausch's Law
5. Electrolysis & Laws of Electrolysis
6. Cell - Electrolytic Cells & Galvanic Cells
7. E.M.F of a Cell & Standard Electrode Potential
8. Nernst Equation
9. Relation between Gibbs Energy Change & E.M.F of a Cell; Corrosion
10. Batteries
11. Fuel Cells & Corrosion

1. Rate of a Reaction (Average & Instantaneous)
2. Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction: Concentration, Temperature, Catalyst
3. Order & Molecularity of a Reaction; Rate Law & Specific Rate Constant
4. Integrated Rate Equations & Half-Life
5. Concept of Collision Theory
6. Activation Energy; Arrhenius Equation

1. Adsorption: Physisorption & Chemisorption
2. Catalysis: Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Auto & Induced
3. Colloidal State: Distinction between True Solutions, Colloids & Suspensions
4. Lyophillic, Lyophobic, Multi-Molecular & Macromolecular Colloids
5. Properties of Colloids:Tyndall Effect, Brownian Movement, Electrophoresis & Coagulation
6. Emulsions

1. Principles & Methods of Extraction; Refining
2. Thermodynamics of Metallurgy
3. Occurrence & Principles of Extraction of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc & Iron

Group 15 Elements

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Oxidation States & Trends in Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Preparation & properties of Ammonia, Nitric acid, Oxides of Nitrogen
3. Phosphorous: Allotropic Forms
4. Compounds of Phosphorous: Preparation & Properties of Phosphine, Halides (PCI3, PCI5) & Oxoacids

Groups 16 Elements

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Oxidation States & Trends in Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Classification of Oxides; Ozone
3. Compounds of Sulphur: Preparation & Properties

Group 17 Elements

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Oxidation States & Trends in Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Compounds of Halogens: Preparation & Properties

Group 18 Elements

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Oxidation States & Trends in Physical & Chemical Properties

1. General Introduction, Electronic Configuration & Characteristics of Transition Metals
2. General trends in the Properties of First Row Transition Elements - Metallic Character, Ionisation Enthalpy, Oxidation States, Ionic Radii, Colour, Catalytic Property, Magnetic Property
3. Interstitial Compounds & Alloy Formation
4. Preparation & Properties of K2Cr2O7 & KMnO4
5. Lanthanoids: Electronic Configuration, Oxidation States & Chemical Reactivity
6. Actinoids: Electronic Configuration, Oxidation States & Comparison with Lanthanoids

1. Coordination Compounds: Introduction, Ligands, Coordination Number, Colour, Magnetic Properties & Shapes
2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds
3. Isomerism & Bonding
4. Werner's Theory (VBT & CFT)
5. Importance of Coordination Compounds

1. Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, Nature of C -X Bond, Methods of Preparation
2. Haloalkanes: Physical & Chemical Properties
3. Haloalkanes: Mechanism of Substitution Reactions, Optical Rotation
4. Haloarenes: Nomenclature, Nature of C -X Bond, Methods of Preparation Substitution Reactions
5. Uses & Environment Effects of: Dichloromethane, Trichloromethane, Tetrachloromethane, Iodoform, Freons & DDT

1. Alcohols: Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Alcohols: Identification of Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Alcohols
3. Phenols: Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties
4. Acidic Nature of Phenol & Electrophilic Substitution Reactions, Uses of Phenols
5. Ethers: Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties, Uses

1. Aldehydes & Ketones: Nomenclature, Nature of Carbonyl Group; Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Reactivity of Alpha Hydrogen in Aldehydes
3. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, Acidic Nature; Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties

1. Amines: Nomenclature, Classification, Structure, Methods of Preparation; Physical & Chemical Properties
2. Amines: Identification of Primary & Secondary Amines, Uses
3. Cyanides & Isocyanides
4. Diazonium Salts: Preparation; Chemical Reactions & Importance in Synthetic Organic Chemistry

1. Carbohydrates - Classification, Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Importance
2. Proteins – Amino Acids, Peptide Bond, Polypeptides, Classification of Proteins, Denaturation, Enzymes
3. Hormones – Elementary Idea
4. Vitamins – Classification & Function
5. Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

1. Classification: Based on Source, Structure, Mode of Polymerisation, Monomers Involved, Molecular Forces
2. Methods of Polymerisation
3. Some Important Polymers
4. Biodegradable & Non-Biodegradable Polymers

1. Chemicals in Medicines: Analgesics, Tranquillisers, Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Antimicrobials, etc.
2. Chemicals in Food: Preservatives, Artificial Sweetening Agents; Elementary Idea of Antioxidants
3. Cleansing Agents: Soaps & Detergents; Cleansing Action

1. Living Beings; Need for Classification; Three Domains of Life
2. Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of Species & Taxonomical Hierarchy; Binomial Nomenclature
3. Tools for Study of Taxonomy: Museums, Zoos, Herbaria & Botanical Gardens
4. Five Kingdom Classification; Monera; Protista & Fungi; Lichens; Viruses & Viroids
5. Salient Features & Classification of Plants into Major Groups: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
6. Salient Features & Classification of Animals

1. Morphology & Modifications; Tissues
2. Anatomy & Functions of Different Parts of Flowering Plants: Root, Stem, Leaf, Inflorescence: Cymose & Racemose, Flower, Fruit & Seed
3. Animal Tissues
4. Morphology, Anatomy & Functions of Different Systems of an Insect (Cockroach): Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous & Reproductive System

1. Cell Theory & Cell as the Basic Unit of Life
2. Structure of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell
3. Plant Cell & Animal Cell
4. Cell Envelope, Cell Membrane & Cell Wall
5. Cell Organelles: Structure & Function
6. Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Bodies, Lysosomes, Vacuoles
7. Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Plastids, Micro Bodies
8. Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, Centrioles (Ultra Structure & Function)
9. Nucleus: Nuclear Membrane, Chromatin, Nucleolus
10. Chemical Constituents of Living Cells
11. Biomolecules: Structure & Function of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
12. Enzymes: Types, Properties & Enzyme Action
13. Cell Division: Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis & their Significance

Transport in Plants

1. Movement of Water, Gases & Nutrients
2. Cell-to-Cell Transport-Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport
3. Plant-Water Relations; Imbibition, Water Potential, Osmosis, Plasmolysis
4. Long Distance Transport of Water: Absorption, Apoplast, Symplast, Ascent of Sap,Transpiration Pull, Root Pressure & Guttation
5. Transpiration: Opening & Closing of Stomata; Uptake & Translocation of Mineral Nutrients; Transport of Food, Phloem Transport, Mass Flow Hypothesis; Diffusion of Gases

Mineral Nutrition

1. Essential Minerals, Macro & Micronutrients and their Role
2. Deficiency Symptoms; Mineral Toxicity
3. Elementary Idea of Hydroponics as a Method to Study Mineral Nutrition
4. Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen Cycle & Biological Nitrogen Fixation

Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthesis as a Means of Autotrophic Nutrition
2. Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis; Photochemical & Biosynthetic Phases of Photosynthesis
3. Cyclic & Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
4. Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
5. Photorespiration, C3, C4 & CAM Pathways
6. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Respiration

1. Exchange of Gases
2. Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis, Fermentation (Anaerobic), TCA Cycle & Electron Transport System (Aerobic)
3. Energy Relations: Number of ATP Molecules Generated; Amphibolic Pathways
4. Respiratory Quotient

Plant Growth & Development

1. Plant Growth
2. Phases of Plant Growth & Plant Growth Rate; Conditions of Growth
3. Differentiation, Dedifferentiation & Redifferentiation
4. Sequence of Developmental Process in a Plant Cell
5. Growth Regulators: Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA
6. Seed Dormancy; Vernalisation; Photoperiodism

Digestion & Absorption

1. Alimentary Canal & Digestive Glands
2. Role of Digestive Enzymes & Gastrointestinal Hormones
3. Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption & Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates & Fats
4. Caloric Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates & Fats
5. Egestion
6. Nutritional & Digestive Disorders: PEM, Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhoea

Breathing & Respiration

1. Respiratory Organs in Animals
2. Respiratory System in Humans
3. Mechanism of Breathing & its Regulation in Humans: Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases & Regulation of Respiration
4. Respiratory Volumes
5. Disorders Related to Respiration: Asthma, Emphysema & Occupational Respiratory Disorders

Body Fluids & Circulation

1. Composition of Blood, Blood Groups & Coagulation of Blood
2. Composition of Lymph & its Function
3. Human Circulatory System: Structure of Human Heart & Blood Vessels
4. Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, ECG & Double Circulation
5. Regulation of Cardiac Activity
6. Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris & Heart Failure

Excretory Products & their Elimination

1. Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism
2. Human Excretory System: Structure & Function
3. Urine Formation, Osmoregulation
4. Regulation of Kidney Function: Renin-Angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH
5. Role of Other Organs in Excretion
6. Disorders; Diabetes Insipidus, Uremia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis & Artificial Kidney

Locomotion & Movement

1. Types of Movement: Ciliary, Flagellar, Muscular
2. Skeletal Muscle: Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction
3. Skeletal System & its Functions; Joints
4. Disorders of Muscular & Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis & Gout

Neural Control & Coordination

1. Neuron & Nerves
2. Nervous System in Humans-Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System & Visceral Nervous System
3. Generation & Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sense Organs
4. Elementary Structure and Function of Eye & Ear

Chemical Coordination & Regulation

1. Endocrine Glands & Hormones
2. Human Endocrine System: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Thymus & Gonads
3. Mechanism of Hormone Action
4. Role of Hormones as Messengers & Regulators
5. Hypo, Hyperactivity & Related Disorders: Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes & Addison’s Disease

Reproduction in Organisms

1. Reproduction: Asexual & Sexual
2. Asexual Reproduction Modes: Binary Fission, Sporulation, Budding, Gemmule & Fragmentation
3. Vegetative Propagation in Plants

Sexual Reporduction in Flowering Plants

1. Flower Structure; Development of Male & Female Gametophytes
2. Pollination: Types, Agencies & Examples
3. Outbreeding Devices
4. Pollen-Pistil Interaction; Double Fertilisation
5. Post Fertilisation Events: Development of Endosperm & Embryo, Development of Seed & Formation of Fruit
6. Special Modes: Apomixis, Parthenocarpy, Amphimixis Polyembryony
7. Significance of Seed & Fruit Formation

Human Reproduction

1. Male & Female Reproductive Systems
2. Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary
3. Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
4. Menstrual Cycle; Fertilisation
5. Embryo Development upto Blastocyst Formation & Implantation
6. Pregnancy & Placenta Formation; Parturition; Lactation

Reproductive Health

1. Need for Reproductive Health & Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
2. Birth Control: Need & Methods, Contraception & Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
3. Amniocentesis; Infertility & Assisted Reproductive Technologies: IVF, ZIFT & GIFT

Heredity & Variation

1. Genetic Terms
2. Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism: Incomplete Dominance, Co-Dominance, Multiple Alleles & Inheritance of Blood Groups & Pleiotropy
3. Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance
4. Interaction of Genes
5. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance; Linkage & Crossing Over
6. Sex Determination: In Humans, Birds & Honey Bees
7. Sex-Linked Inheritance: Haemophilia & Colour Blindness
8. Mendelian Disorders in Humans: Thalassemia
9. Chromosomal Disorders in Humans; Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s & Klinefelter’s Syndromes

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

1. DNA as a Genetic Material
2. Structure of DNA & RNA
3. DNA Packaging & DNA Replication
4. Central Dogma; Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation
5. Gene Expression & Regulation: Lac Operon
6. Genome & Human Genome Project
7. DNA Finger Printing

Evolution

1. Origin of Universe, Earth & Life
2. Biological Evolution & Evidences for Biological Evolution from Palaeontology, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology
3. Connecting Links & Molecular Evidence
4. Darwin’s Contribution & Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolutio
5. Mechanism of Evolution: Variation (Mutation & Recombination) & Natural Selection
6. Gene Flow & Genetic Drift
7. Hardy-Weinberg’s Principle
8. Adaptive Radiation
9. Human Evolution

1. Health & Disease
2. Pathogens; Parasites Causing Human Diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common Cold, Amoebiasis & Ring Worm)
3. Basic Concepts of Immunology: Vaccines
4. Cancer, HIV & AIDS
5. Adolescence, Drug & Alcohol Abuse
6. Improvement in Food Production
7. Plant Breeding, Tissue Culture, Single Cell Protein & Biofortification
8. Apiculture & Animal Husbandry
9. Microbes in Human Welfare: In Household Food Processing, Industrial Production, Sewage Treatment, Energy Generation & as Biocontrol Agents & Bio-Fertilisers

1. Principles & Process of Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology)
2. Application of Biotechnology in Health & Agriculture: Human Insulin,Vaccine Production & Gene Therapy
3. Genetically Modified Organisms: BT Crops
4. Transgenic Animals
5. Biosafety Issues: Biopiracy & Patents

Organisms & Environment

1. Organisms & Environment: Habitat & Niche
2. Ecological Adaptations
3. Population & Population Growth
4. Population Interactions: Mutualism, Competition, Predation, Commensalism, Parasitism, Amensalism
5. Population Attributes: Growth, Birth Rate & Death Rate and Age Distribution

Ecosystem

1. Ecosystem: Patterns & Components
2. Productivity & Decomposition; Energy Flow
3. Food Chain
4. Pyramids of Number, Biomass & Energy
5. Nutrient Cycling (Carbon & Phosphorous)
6. Ecological Succession; Ecological Services: Carbon Fixation, Pollination & Oxygen Release

Biodiversity & its Conservation

1. Concept of Biodiversity
2. Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity
3. Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity Conservation
4. Hotspots, Endangered Organisms, Extinction, Red Data Book, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks & Sanctuaries
5. Important Wildlife Projects of India

Environmental Issues

1. Air Pollution & its Control
2. Water Pollution & its Control
3. Soil Pollution
4. Agrochemicals & their Effects
5. Solid Waste Management; Radioactive Waste Management
6. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
7. Ozone Depletion; Deforestation
8. Any Three Case Studies as Success Stories Addressing Environmental Issues